Definition & Explanation Domain spoofing is a form of ad fraud in which the domain reported in a bid request is falsified, so that low-value or fraudulent inventory appears to be coming from a premium publisher. A buyer believes they are bidding on an impression from a well-known news site or a major brand's property....h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Ad refresh is the practice of automatically replacing one ad with another within the same ad slot on a webpage, without the user navigating to a new page. Each time an ad is swapped out, a new ad impression is recorded, meaning a single page view can generate multiple impressions from a...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) is the cost incurred for a completed user action, such as a purchase, sign-up, or form submission. It measures the efficiency of an ad campaign by dividing total ad spend by the number of conversions. CPA is widely used as a KPI across paid channels including PPC, affiliate,...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Connected TV (CTV) refers to any television that streams content over the internet, including smart TVs and devices like Roku, Amazon Fire Stick, and Apple TV. CTV advertising delivers targeted video ads that combine big-screen impact with digital-marketing precision, and now accounts for nearly a quarter of ad spend in the US....h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Brand safety refers to the measures, tools, and policies that ensure ads do not appear near inappropriate, offensive, or unsuitable content that could harm a brand's reputation. In programmatic advertising, these controls — such as exclusion lists, keyword blocking, and ad verification — are integrated into automated buying processes to prevent ads...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation CPM, or Cost Per Mille, is the price an advertiser pays to serve 1,000 ad impressions, with "mille" being Latin for 1,000. It is calculated by dividing the total campaign cost by the number of impressions and multiplying by 1,000. CPM is commonly used in brand-awareness campaigns where the goal is broad...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Exchange quality is the assessment of an ad exchange's inventory for fraud risk, MFA (made-for-advertising) exposure, and transparency. It encompasses the policies, auditing processes, and anti-fraud measures an exchange uses to ensure inventory is brand-safe and traffic is real. High exchange quality means rigorous screening of every app and site, with supply...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation Long-tail inventory refers to ad space from smaller, niche, or low-traffic websites — it can be valuable for reaching targeted audiences but carries a higher fraud risk. Programmatic technology enables advertisers to aggregate these disparate sources of long-tail inventory to reach highly specific audience segments at lower costs. However, advertisers have less...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation An optimization score is a metric measuring the efficiency and health of a campaign or inventory source, typically expressed as a percentage from 0 to 100%. It is calculated using performance history, campaign settings, and market trends to estimate how well an account or campaign is set to perform. The score is...h
Read MoreDefinition & Explanation A lookalike audience is a targeting segment built to mirror the characteristics of an existing high-value customer group, often through machine learning and algorithmic modeling. The system analyzes a seed audience—such as a customer email list or site visitors—to identify shared demographics, interests, and behaviors, then finds new users who match those...h
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